Piston



June 24, 1924. I ,498,835

J. W. CALTA PISTON Filed March 24. 1.923

m J/V. @alla MLJEM B/Md A ATTORNEYS Patented .lune 24, 1924.

. I 1 JAMES W. CALTA, OF PLATTE, SOUTH DAKOTA.

PISTON.

Application led March 24, 1923. Serial No. 627,474.

To all whom t may concern.'

' Be it known that that I, .l AMES W. CALTA, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Platte, in the county of Mix and State of South Dakota, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Pistons, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates more particularly to improvements in pistons and packings therefor.

The object of the invention is to provide means whereby a soft packing may be efficiently employed for pistons of internal combustion engines or the like..

A further and important object of the invention is that the packing will serve to lubricate the cylinder walls and prevent scoring thereof.

It is also an object of the invention that the soft packing will have a relatively long active lift and adapted at all times to obviate any possibility of leakage therebetween and the associated c linder walls.

A still further object of the invention is that the piston be constructed so that the same may supply additional oil to the packand thereby to insure tha the same retalns its pliable condition and to further insure against any possibility of scoring the engine walls.

Other objects, and objects relating to details of construction, combination and arrangement of parts will hereinafter appear in the detailed description to follow.

The inyention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a partial sectional view taken through an engine cylinder and showing the plston to which the present invention has been applied. a

Figure 2 is va transverse sectional view of the piston. v A

Figure 3 is a perspective view of a piston similar to `that shown in Figure 1, but

showing a modified form of means for expanding the soft packing of the present invention.

Like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the different views of the drawings.

Referring to the drawings indetail, in Figure 1, 10 indicates generally a cylinder for which there is provided the usual head 11 and within this cylinder there is-movable a piston 12, said piston being hollow and carrying the usual wrist pin 13 which journals the one end of a connecting rod 14.

In carrying out the present invention, the piston 12 is provided with an annular' depression or groove of considerable width as shown at 14, and the lower wall forming this groove is inclined as shown at 15, while the upper wall is at right angles to the -longitudinal axis of the cylinder, as shown `a strip of mica or the like as atA 18. The

purpose of this mica is to permit easy relative movement of the two sections of packing. It is of course to be understood that any number of sections of soft packin 17 might be employed, and it should be ere mentioned that packing of the form disclosed in my Patent No. 1,363,563, dated D'ecember 28, 1920, can be usedwith good results.

The lower and upper edges of eachvof the packing sections 17 are bevelled in oppo site directions, that is, the lower edge 19 in each instance is bevelled or'cut so that .the same is complemental to the lower groove wall 15, while the upper edge 20 of each packing section is cut so that the same is inclined in an opposite direction. Beneath the packing there is preferably arranged Ia sheet of metal 21. This metal sheeting should be extremely thin and made in sections similar to the packing sections 17 and said sections overlapping each other so that they may have free relative movement. Also the upper and lower edge portions of each of the sheeting sections should be bent so that the same lie against the bevelled or inclined edges 19 and 20, respectively,'of the packing sections 17.

In the upper end of the depression'or groove 14 there is positioned a ring 22, the

upper face of which is complemental to the wall 16 of the groove 14 and its other side bevelled or disposed on an incline as at 23 and complemental to the bevelled edges 20 of the packing section 17 rlhe cylinder 12 is also provided with suitable annular grooves whereby toreceive a plurality ofpacking rings 24: which are of the usual construction, and the groove I accommodating the `first ring 24 above .ne

soft packing sections 17, communicates with a plurality of inclined 'openings 25, said openingsy establishing communication between this particular `groove and the interior of the piston 12. .Also it should be noted, that each of the piston rings 24 have their outer edges bevelled and thereby to obviate any possibility of scoring the cylinder. I A

ln the use of the present packing arrangement, as before stated, the cylinder walls may be partly lubricated from the packing sections 17, that is, this composition of matter retains a certain lubricant and gives the same od to the cylinder walls to lubricate the same. The' ring 22 will of course, due to gravity, tend to move downwardly upon the piston 12 and thus also urge the packing section 17 downwardly. Due to the cooperating face or wall 15 and the associated edges of the packing section 17, the lower end portions lofthe packing' sections will be urged outwardly and thus to insure continuous fitting with the cylinder walls. Also the downward movement of the ring 22 urges the upper portion of the packing sections 17 outwardly and in this way again insures a close fit with the cylinder walls. By providing the sheeting 21, this insures that the packing sections 17 will be urged outwardly substantially the entire width thereof, that is, this sheeting sti'ens the packing and thus makes the movement' of the ring 22 more e'ective for pressing the packing sections outwardly. o f

With an engine of this type, oil is usually deposited in the crank case and this oil will. be splashed upwardly and within the cylinders 12 and gravitate through the openings 25 and from thence to the exterior of the piston. rlhis oil would insure lubrication of the rings 2-1 and would Uravitate to the packing section 17 and supply a certain amount of oil to-these packing sections and thus to further insure that they will at all times be pliable and give sufficient lubricant to the associated cylinder walls and thus avoid scoring thereof.

Referring to Figure 3, it will be seen that the rib 26 formed by the groove for receiving the piston ring 2d occurring immediately above the packing sections 17 is formed with a suitablev transverse opening through which a bolt or pin 27 may be extended and rigidly secured. The bolt slidably extends througha transverse opening in the ring 22, and between the upper wall or side of thisring and the opposing side of the rib 26 there is interposed an expansion spring 28. 'lhe action of this spring incassa i is to constantly urge the spring 22 downwardly and as is obvious' a number of these might be employed. A plurality of sheet sections .29 encircle the piston 12 and are disposed beneath the packing section 17 and preferably each sheet-,section has its u per edge serrated to provide the teeth 30 w lich extend outwardly from the sheeting sections and the upper side thereof adapted to fit against the'lower bevelled face of the ring 22. 'llhe sheeting 29 operates to insure that the packing sections 17 p are pressed outwardly. Y1

The form of piston shown in Figure 3, is particularly adapted for engines in which the piston operates in a horizontal plane and in which gravity could not be relied upon for urging the ring 22 downwardly.

lt also should be noted that the packing sections 17 are preferably arranged so that they overlap at the point where the wrist pin 13 extendsthrough the walls ofthe piston. This arrangementis illustrated'in Figure 1 of the drawings.

.ll claim: l 1. lin combination, a cylinder arranged vertically, 'a piston movable therein having an exterior annular groove, soft packing sections` arranged in said groove in overlapping relation and adapted to expand, said groove having its lowermost wall slanting downwardly and the packing sections- -having similar lower edges, and means interposed between the end exterior wall of the piston and the packing adapted to constantly urge theI packing sections downwardly and thereby to cause expansion of the same.

2. lln combination, a cylinder arranged vertically, a piston movable upwardly and downwardly within said cylinder, said piston having an exterior annular groove and said groove having its lower wall -slanting downwardly, a plurality of soft packing sleeve sections fitted in said groove and having their lower edges compleniental to the lower wall of said groove, a ring iitted in said groove above said packing sections and adapted to urge the same downwardly for the purpose described.

Sflln combination, a cylinder arranged vertically, a piston movable upwardly and downwardly within said cylinder,\said piston having an exterior annular groove and said groove having its lower wall slanting downwardly, a plurality of soft packing sleeve sections tted in said groove and having their lower edges complemental to the lower wall of said groove, a ring itted about said piston and within said groove, said ring being disposed above the packing sections and having a bevelled face engaging the upper edge of said packing sections MMD Mii

tions to expand, and also urge the sections downwardly to cause expansion of the lower edge portions thereof when engaging said lower slanting wall of the groove. 4. In combination, a cylinder, a piston movable therein and longitudinally thereof, said piston having an exterior annular groove, a plurality of expansive soft packing sections arranged within said groove, said groove having its one side Wall inclined and the packing sections having their similar edges complemental to said inclined wall, and means interposed between the other Wall of said groove and the similar edges of said packing sections adapted to. urge the same for expanding, and also adapted to urge the same to move toward the other side Wall of the groove jfor the purpose described.

5. In combination, a cylinder, a piston movable therein and longitudinally thereof, said ,piston having an exterior annular groove, a plurality of expansive soft packing sections arranged within said groove, said groove having its one side wall inclined and the packing sections having their similar edges complemental to said inclined wall, a ring interposed between the other side Wall of the groove and the associated edges of the packing sections, said ring and packing sections having complemental contacting surfaces whereby with pressure of thering toward the packing sections, the same will be caused to expand, and means whereby said ring may be urged toward said packing sections.

6. In combination, a cylinder, a piston movable therein and longitudinally thereof, said piston having an exterior annular groove, a plurality of expansive soft packing sections arranged within said groove, said groove having its one side wall inclined and the packing sections having their similar edges complemental to said inclined Wall, a ring interposed between the other side wall of the'groove and the associated edges of the packing sections, said ring and packing sections having complemental contacting surfaces whereby with pressure of the ring` toward the packing sections, the same will be caused to expand, and compression springs interposed between the ring and associated wall of said groove.

JAMES W. CALTA. 

